Acknowledgements
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The lead author of The Global Risks Report 2020 is Emilio Granados Franco, Head of Global Risks and Geopolitical Agenda.
At the World Economic Forum, a debt of gratitude is owed to Professor Klaus Schwab (Founder and Executive Chairman), Børge Brende (President) and Mirek Dusek (Deputy Head, Centre for Regional and Geopolitical Affairs), under whose guidance this report has been produced. Lee Howell (Head of Global Programming) has been an important mentor.
This report has relied heavily on the dedication and expertise of the Global Risks and Geopolitics team: Ariel Kastner, Melinda Kuritzky, Richard Lukacs and Philip Shetler-Jones. Thanks also to the other members of The Global Risks Report 2020 team: Oliver Cann, Aylin Elçi, Emily Farnworth, Maxwell Hall and Yann Zopf.
A special thanks goes to our partners across World Economic Forum teams as well as external experts who have contributed to specific chapters of this report:
Chapter 2, The Fraying Fundamentals. Sheikh Tanjeb Islam.
Chapter 3, A Decade Left. Dominik Breitinger, Emily Farnworth, Andrew Pickens and Jahda Swanborough.
Chapter 4, Save the Axolotl. Marco Albani, Akanksha Khatri, Marie Quinney and Kimberly Nicole Pope.
Chapter 5, Wild Wide Web. Francesca Bosco, Amy Jordan, Zvika Krieger, Rebekah Lewis, Adrien Ogée, Thomas Philbeck, Algirde Pipikaite and Anelia Uzunova.
Chapter 6, False Positive. Ryan Morhard.
Thanks also go to members of the Club of Rome (George Biesmans, Sandrine Dixson-Declève, Gail Whiteman) for their contributions.
We would like to thank our Strategic Partners, Marsh & McLennan (MMC) and Zurich Insurance Group, and in particular Daniel Glaser (Chief Executive Officer, MMC) and Mario Greco (Chief Executive Officer, Zurich Insurance Group). Thanks also to John Drzik (President, Global Risk and Digital, MMC) and Peter Giger (Group Chief Risk Officer, Zurich Insurance Group).
Special gratitude is due to John Scott (Head of Sustainability Risks, Zurich Insurance Group) and Richard Smith-Bingham (Executive Director, Marsh & McLennan Advantage Insights) for their contributions throughout the planning and drafting of the report.
We are also grateful to our three Academic Advisers: the National University of Singapore, the Oxford Martin School at the University of Oxford and the Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center at the University of Pennsylvania.
The report has greatly benefited from the insight and expertise of the members of the Global Risks Report Advisory Board: Rolf Alter (Hertie School of Governance), Sharan Burrow (International Trade Union Confederation), Winnie Byanyima (Oxfam International, through August 2019), Marie-Valentine Florin (International Risk Governance Center), Al Gore (Generation Investment Management), Carolyn Kousky (Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center), Kok Kwang Phoon (National University of Singapore), Julian Laird (Oxford Martin School), Pascal Lamy (Jacque Delors Institute), Maleeha Lodhi (Government of Pakistan), Gary Marchant (Arizona State University), Robert Muggah (Igarapé Institute), Moisés Naím (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), Naomi Oreskes (Harvard University), Jonathan Ostry (International Monetary Fund), Carol Ouko-Misiko (Institute of Risk Management), Eduardo Pedrosa (Pacific Economic Cooperation Council), Daniel Ralph (Cambridge Centre for Risks Studies), Nouriel Roubini (New York University), John Scott (Zurich Insurance Group), Carsten Schrehardt (Federal Ministry of Defence of Germany), Richard Smith-Bingham (Marsh & McLennan), Ursula von der Leyen (Government of Germany, through July 2019), Ngaire Woods (University of Oxford) and Alexandra Zapata (Mexican Institute for Competitiveness).
We are grateful to the following individuals from our Strategic Partners and Academic Advisors.
Marsh & McLennan: Rob Bailey, Alex Bernhardt, Helga Birgden, Leslie Chacko, Blair Chalmers, John Colas, Lorna Friedman, Jason Groves, Kavitha Hariharan, Rachel Lam, Jordan Parker, Hilary Pereira, Lily Phan, Viet Hoang Phan, Tom Quigley, Stephen Szaraz, Alex Wittenberg and
Amelia Woltering.
Zurich Insurance Group: Paige Adams, Lori Bailey, Francis Bouchard, Matteo Capolei, Laura Castellano, Anette Dahl-Hiscott, Daniel Eherer, Lillian Labbat, Wen Lin, Alison Martin, Jessica McLellan, Guy Miller, Eugenie Molyneux, Pavel Osipyants, Marc Radice, Gregory Renand, Jennifer Schneider and Angel Serna.
National University of Singapore: Tan Eng Chye and Ho Teck Hua.
Oxford Martin School: Charles Godfray.
Wharton: Howard Kunreuther.
We would like to thank the respondents who completed the Global Risks Perception Survey. Thanks also go to the participants in our Global Risks Workshops in Geneva on 11 September 2019, in New York City on 15 October 2019 and in Washington, DC on 16 October 2019:
Geneva: Heba Aly (The New Humanitarian), Alison Bewick (Nestlé), Walter Bohmayr (Boston Consulting Group), Sebastian Brack (Kofi Annan Foundation), Vincent Chetail (The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies), Marie-Valentine Florin (International Risk Governance Center at Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne), Maya Horowitz (Check Point Software Technologies, Ltd.), Michael Ineichen (International Service for Human Rights), Hichem Khadhraoui (Geneva Call), Jovan Kurbalija (Geneva Internet Platform & Secretariat of the UN High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation), Esther Lynch (European Trade Union), Robert Marinkovic (International Organization of Employers), Tim Noonan (International Trade Union Confederation), Danny Quah (National University of Singapore), Jean-Marc Rickli (Geneva Centre for Security Policy), Carsten Schrehardt (Federal Ministry of Defence of Germany), John Scott (Zurich Insurance Group), Lutfey Siddiqi (London School of Economics and Political Science), Richard Smith-Bingham (Marsh & McLennan Companies), Michael Sparrow (World Climate Research Programme), Elisabeth Tuerk (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), Jacob van der Blij (GAVI), Charlotte Warakaulle (CERN – European Organization for Nuclear Research), Gail Whiteman (Lancaster University Management School), Susan Wilding (CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation), Carolyn Williams (Institute of Risk Management), Irina Zodrow (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction).
New York City: Jasmina Byrne (United Nations Children’s Fund), Alexis Crow (PwC), Barry Franklin (Zurich Insurance Group), Jean-Marie Guéhenno (Center for Humanitarian Dialogue), Nancy J. Luquette (S&P Global), Oliver Money (International Rescue Committee), Robert Muggah (Igarapé Institute), Susan Myers (UN Foundation), Alexandra Pichler Fong (UN Department of Political Affairs), Reid Sawyer (Marsh & McLennan Companies), Steven Siqueira (United Nations Office of Counter Terrorism and UN Counter-Terrorism Center), Adam Tooze (Columbia University).
Washington, DC: Samuel Brannen (Center for Strategic and International Studies), Kaysie Brown (United Nations Foundation), Amir Eftekhari (Jacobs Engineering Group Inc.), Sherri Goodman (Wilson Center), Ryan Greer (Anti-Defamation League), Jane Harman (Wilson Center), Meg King (Wilson Center), Robert Litwak (Wilson Center), King Mallory (Rand Corporation), Crystal Patterson (Facebook), Lauren Herzer Risi (Wilson Center), Robert Sheldon (CrowdStrike), Paul Stares (Council on Foreign Relations).
A special thanks goes to the Wilson Center for co-hosting the Washington, DC workshop. We owe particular gratitude to Jane Harman, Robert Litwak, Meg King and Matthew Silberman for their support and contributions to our efforts.
In addition to those mentioned above, we extend our thanks to the following individuals for their time and help: David Aikman, Marisol Argueta, Daniela Barat, Nayia Barmapaliou, Teresa Belardo, Micael Bermudez, Sakshi Bhatnagar, Monika Boerlin, Anna Bruce-Lockhart, Pablo Burkolter, Denise Burnet, Diego Bustamante, Angélique Cado, Elizabeth Caputo, Andrew Caruana Galizia, Gill Cassar, Abhinav Chugh, Jennifer Clauzure, Arnaud Colin, Adeline Colonimos, Victoria Crawford, Roberto Crotti, Alexander Crueger, Nicholas Davis, Attilio di Battista, Beatrice Di Caro, William Dixon, Makiko Eda, Jaci Eisenberg, Nima Elmi, Anne Marie Engcroft Larsen, Gaia Felber, Cody Feldman, Jennifer Francis, Thierry Geiger, Fernando Gomez, Wadia Ait Hamza, Teresa Hartmann, Audrey Helstroffer, Kiriko Honda, Jeremy Jurgens, Mark Jones, Maroun Kairouz, Nikhil Kamath, Elsie Kanza, Nadège Kehrli, Andrej Kirn, David Knowles, Patrice Kreidi, Tarika Lall, James Landale, Martina Larkin, Sam Leakey, Sarah Leboulanger, Joo-Ok Lee, Mariah Levin, Silvia Magnoni, Gayle Markovitz, Maryne Leboidre, Viraj Mehta, Stephan Mergenthaler, Adrian Monck, Fulvia Montresor, Marie Sophie Müller, Jamie Palter, Ceri Parker, Gemma Parkes, Robin Pomeroy, Arturo Rago, Nadia Raquillet, Katja Rouru, Eeva Salvik, Richard Samans, Pierre Saouter, Miriam Schive, Olivier Schwab, Sarah Shakour, Paul Smyke, Ahmed Soliman, Callie Stinson, Henry Taylor, Terri Toyota, Jean-François Trinh Tan, Dominic Waughray, Justin Wood, Pim Valdre, Carida Zafiropoulou-Guignard and Saadia Zahidi.
Design and Production: Thank you to all those involved in the design and production of this year’s report. At the World Economic Forum: Javier Gesto, Floris Landi, Jordynn McKnight, Liam Ó Cathasaigh and Jean Philippe Stanway. And our external collaborators: Robert Gale, Travis Hensgen, and Moritz Stefaner (data visualization); Hope Steele (editing); Patrik Svensson (cover artwork); and Andrew Wright (writing and editing).